Mushrooms and Multiple Scletosis good? Bad?

 

Yes, most of this post is being written with Artificial Intelligence (AI)

I will add, watch the supplier of Mushrooms closely, as this FAD, takes over, making some billions off of ingredients that are not extracted properly for health. You can buy these in pills, powder, fruiting bodies, the roots, but extraction is a key element of what they do.

My Neurologist has me trying, A Test subject.

 Reishi mushroom, also known as Ganoderma lucidum, is a medicinal mushroom that has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. Here's some information about reishi mushrooms:

Immune System Support: Reishi mushrooms are believed to have immunomodulating effects, meaning they can help regulate and support the immune system. They contain various bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides and triterpenes, which may enhance the activity of immune cells and promote overall immune function.

Antioxidant Properties: Reishi mushrooms are rich in antioxidants, which help protect the body against oxidative stress caused by free radicals. The antioxidants found in reishi mushrooms, such as triterpenes and phenolic compounds, may have beneficial effects on cellular health and help reduce inflammation.

Stress Reduction and Sleep Support: Reishi mushrooms have been traditionally used to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and support healthy sleep patterns. Some research suggests that the bioactive compounds in reishi mushrooms, such as triterpenes and polysaccharides, may have calming and adaptogenic properties that can help manage stress and improve sleep quality.

Potential Anti-Cancer Effects: Some studies have explored the potential anti-cancer properties of reishi mushrooms. The bioactive compounds in reishi mushrooms have been investigated for their ability to inhibit tumor growth, enhance immune response against cancer cells, and potentially have direct anti-cancer effects. However, more research is needed to fully understand and confirm these effects.

Reishi mushrooms are available in various forms, including dried mushrooms, extracts, and capsules. It's important to note that while reishi mushrooms are generally considered safe for most people, they may interact with certain medications or have potential side effects. It's always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before adding any new supplements or mushrooms to your routine, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking medications.

Additionally, it's worth mentioning that while reishi mushrooms may have potential health benefits, they should not be considered a substitute for medical treatment. If you have specific health concerns, it's important to seek professional medical advice for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate management

Lion's mane mushrooms (Hericium erinaceus) have gained popularity in recent years for their potential health benefits. Here's some information about lion's mane mushrooms:

Nerve Regeneration: Lion's mane mushrooms are known for their potential to promote nerve growth and regeneration. They contain compounds called erinacines and hericenones, which have been studied for their ability to stimulate the production of nerve growth factors. These compounds may have potential applications in supporting nerve health and potentially aiding in the management of neurodegenerative conditions. However, further research is needed to establish the extent of their benefits and their specific mechanisms of action.

Cognitive Function: Some studies have suggested that lion's mane mushrooms may have cognitive benefits. These mushrooms have been investigated for their potential to enhance memory and improve cognitive function. The exact mechanisms by which lion's mane mushrooms may exert these effects are still being explored, but they are thought to involve the stimulation of nerve growth factors and the promotion of neuroplasticity.

Mood and Mental Health: Preliminary studies have indicated that lion's mane mushrooms may have mood-boosting effects and potential applications in mental health. These mushrooms have been suggested to have anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) and antidepressant-like effects in animal models. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and understand the mechanisms involved.

Immune Function: Lion's mane mushrooms may also have immune-modulating properties. Some studies have shown that they can enhance the activity of immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages, which play important roles in immune defense.

It's important to note that while lion's mane mushrooms show promise, much of the research has been conducted in animal models or in vitro (in a laboratory setting), and human studies are still limited. Therefore, further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and determine appropriate dosages for specific health conditions.

If you are considering adding lion's mane mushrooms to your diet or taking them as a supplement, it's always best to consult with a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian. They can provide guidance based on your individual health needs and help ensure the safe and appropriate use of supplements.

This Blend has Turkey Tail Mushroom in it.

Turkey tail mushroom, scientifically known as Trametes versicolor, is a type of medicinal mushroom that is commonly used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine. Here's some information about turkey tail mushrooms:

Immune System Support: Turkey tail mushrooms are believed to have immunomodulatory effects, meaning they can help regulate and support the immune system. They contain compounds like polysaccharopeptides (PSP) and polysaccharides, which may stimulate immune cell activity and enhance the body's defense against pathogens.

Antioxidant Properties: Turkey tail mushrooms are rich in antioxidants, such as phenols and flavonoids, which help protect the body against oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals. Antioxidants can support overall health and may have potential benefits for various conditions.

Gut Health: The gut microbiome plays a vital role in overall health, and turkey tail mushrooms may have positive effects on gut health. Some research suggests that the bioactive compounds in turkey tail mushrooms can promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, which may help improve digestion and support a healthy gut environment.

Cancer Support: Turkey tail mushrooms have been studied for their potential anti-cancer properties. The polysaccharide compounds in turkey tail mushrooms, such as PSK (polysaccharide-K) and PSP, have been investigated for their ability to enhance immune function, inhibit tumor growth, and potentially improve outcomes in certain types of cancer. However, it's important to note that more research is needed to fully understand their effects and determine their specific applications.

Turkey tail mushrooms are available in various forms, including dried mushrooms, extracts, and capsules. It's important to source them from reputable suppliers or consult with a healthcare professional or herbalist before using them as a supplement. They are generally considered safe for most individuals, but they may interact with certain medications or have potential side effects.

As with any health-related decision, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating new supplements or mushrooms into your routine, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications. They can provide personalized guidance based on your specific health needs.

Of course, thanks for reading.

Know its been a while since posting, but will catch everyone up one day.

JoeY

Thoughts of a Warrior

      Robert Gillett

 Thoughts of a Warrior

Beneath the Tracksuit

EverchangingMS.blogspot.com

A Shout out from Northern California Sierra Foothills, USA to Robbie in the UK, who is making awareness of Multiple Sclerosis thru his book available on Amazon,

Thoughts of a Warrior

His poetry to Music, you will find in link on my page to the Right.   Robbie is from the UK.

He is now going to Teach a Class in Poetry, Continues to blog from his 

Facebook link, Beneath the Track suit.

He came up with a project to get everyone to send him a hi from any place in the World to him now, so I invite you to do the same challenge.  All his info to send him a picture is on his Facebook site.  Or A Shout out of where you are.  My partner,  Thinmansewing,  just bought me the book as a early Christmas present.

Beneath the tracksuit info 

So cheers to Robert Gillett, in the UK, and keep up the momentum from another Primary Progressive Blogger in USA.

Joey

Neurologist and specialized Drs

 

Every Dr has their Speciality that I see for multiple conditions. The year 2022, made it this far with Primary progressive Multiple Sclerosis.  Awaiting new medicine to come out, as my body makes everything off the table, except Copaxone and twenty plus medicines.

So I stick to what is working thru my lengthy list of medicines, and what they are used for. Vitamin D3 in high doses, followed by endocrinologist every three months. A GI Dr, A Kidney Dr, A Heart Dr, a blood Dr, a endocrinologist, Eye drs, The list goes on.

A B12 test was ordered to check my levels, as they were low a few years ago. This you pee out any extra.  I see my blood Dr in a few weeks, as B12 can also make more red blood cells. I wonder about my other B vitamins. I do not need more red blood cells, as that makes more hemoglobin, which in turn bounces me back to another Dr.

I was on high dosage of Biotin a few years back, vitamin B7.  I measured pure powder on a scale, following study, but on real biotin, followed by endocrinologist.  The vitamin affects many lab test, and I had to stop for my endocrinologist. The high dose biotin trial, never panned out with good results anyways.

Currently my labs look good, but adding in certain vitamins could cause problems.  I have hereditary Hemochromatosis, with the Rare H63D genes, both gave me iron overload in 2018/9.  I did 17 phlebotomy or veinpuncture to resolve the iron, but that left me iron deficiency for three years. That has its own set of problems, of Anemia, and items shown how blood is made from the bones.  I will have to go into detail in another blog.

Anyways, being unique in getting all the side effects of medicines, especially generic, My team works hard to ensure I stay on name brand.

A Testosterone test came back with erroneous readings. My Dr thought the batch that my pharmacy sent was bad. She made three attempts at over a hour each to get a replacement medication.  They decided to play Dr, and Not Send any new unit, so I could retest. Every day she sent a new prescription in, talking to pharmaceutical department, it put them shipping out the next 90 day order by a few days, of when my regular order was due. Three long emails were sent from me also about the problem, that they answered to call them again.  This comes to who is playing Dr.  

My three month labs will come due, right before my next shipment comes. A waste of resources, from the drs, the labs, The largest mail order pharmacy. They asked if I wanted to file a complaint. Hmm.. "Like bitting the tail of the Dragon that feeds you"

Photo credit wixmp.com

Back to Experts I utilize at UC Davis, Sacramento. Many items have been added to my MS over the last ten years.  I lost count, at over twenty experts looking into certain areas that has a cause and effect.  I do much research giving experts a a different viewpoint sometimes on new studies or of which came first, as their is no cure.

This blog, to help keep scientist and followers updated to a point.

A lot has gone on this last year, I may write about in another blog, but being bounced around like a ping ball between Drs right now. Just not much research has been found because of my unique mess, of different specialists needed. Was offered two new ones, but have declined until I get my other specialists updated and involved.  

Everything takes time.

Joey

Red Blood Cell Formation showing mutation H63D Iron

 in one of the forums, polycythemia was mentioned. i asked some questions, and think i gave the person enough information to ask her Doctor, as Multiple Sclerosis may of been plausible for what my blog was saying, and what was told.

 Everchangingms.blogspot.com I could go and try to explain How Red blood cells are formed, how this relates to my H63D gene mutation, and how this relates to Multiple Sclerosis, Iron overlaod, Thick blood, but I think its better described by this guy.

 you dont need to be a scientific person, or even know the terms he talks about. Just follow the video, the best you can. this will give you questions to ask your Doctor, or a understanding of what your Doctor is talking about. polycythemia, thick blood, hereditary Hemochromatosis, gene mutations, blood letting, vein punctures, phlebotomy, or just low in iron? Multiple Sclerosis, or a wide range of items that comes with MS?

 this is Part One of two parts of blood formation. i have this guy on other Videos, to explain my blood, 

Expert Doctors I go to at the University of California Davis, USA 

 Many genes are tied to Multiple Sclerosis. Hereditary Hemochromatosis runs in both my family lines. hard to get people to understand. Many Specialized Doctors and Science looking into this on me. They know as far as their specific specialized medicine, so you need to put the parts together sometimes. I use them all as team members, letting each one know of a part they have found. Its always something new, and some blogs, I still need more input and test done to find out more.

  b

But thats the blog this week.

 happy holidays to those around the world and remember to join my blog, and follow me

  JoeY

Rare Disease Day 2021. #Rare Disease Day

 #Rare Disease Day

https://rarediseases.org/shareyourstory/

• Rare Disease Day

• How has your life been impacted by rare disease? Please share if you are a patient or a caregiver and which rare disease has affected your life.

For all my blog followers, Facebook, Instagram,  and other sites,  Rare Disease has become part of my life. My partner and I were invited to Rare a disease Day a few years back, in Sacramento, California.   I blogged about the event back then. The Zebra, one has  made it to Alaska for my mom.  The Event opened my eyes on how rare of a disease I have.

I am a patient with primary progressive multiple Sclerosis, researching all aspects.

 In 2018, I was sent to the Cancer unit for Thick Blood.  UC Davis found two copies of the H63D gene, causing Iron overload. Less than 3% are diagnosed with hereditary Hemochromatosis. I went thru 17 phlebotomy, to bring down iron.however, since I was the first person they have seen with the rare H63D gene, my iron never returned two years later. This has recently caused complications, so writing this beforehand to be published.

2021 the world is in a pandemic of the Covid that has killed more than wars have.Special masks are required to go out. Only specific Grocery Stores and Needed necessary stores open. Many businesses did not make it thru 2020, when the virus hit us hard from China.

A Vaccine is sitting, awaiting in California for months now. One of the same researchers of the covid vaccination may of stumbled on one for MS.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-9138167/BioNTech-creates-multiple-sclerosis-vaccine.html

Why is Rare Disease Day important to you?

There are so many rare diseases that are not counted.

https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/classic-hereditary-hemochromatosis/

 This day helps me reflect on how far I have come in researching the H63D Gene, genetics of Hemochromatosis, iron or anemia.

The Rarity of my Gene. 

Do surveys for your diseases....

Why Sign up with Rare Patient Voice?

Who knows better than you about your journey and experiences?  We connect you with researchers who are developing products and services which can help you and others with your condition. These researchers need patient input so that they develop products and services that have a meaningful impact on patients’ lives. Over the past seven years, Rare Patient Voice has paid patients over $4.8 million dollars. 

How will I be paid?

You will earn $100 per hour for participating in studies. We pay by check to ensure patients can use their compensation in any way they wish. 

Sign Up Today!

As of April 2021

Now accepting Residents from ALL Countries!!

Companies have finally realized the REAL EXPERTS are the Patients and Caregivers!

Better products, services, and treatments, Start with Better Research. They need YOUR input and are willing to pay $100 an hour for it!

Signup Today and let YOUR Voice be heard!

https://rarepatientvoice.com/EverchangingMS

https://rarepatientvoice.com/EverchangingMS  

• What is one thing you'd like the public to know about rare disease and the challenges patients and caregivers face?

A Rare set of two copies of the mutated H63D Gene can cause iron overloading in less than 3%. I happen to fall into that category.

rs1799945(GG)5H63D Two copies of H63D, 5.4% chance of iron overload. This I got.

HFErs1049296(CT)3Pro570Ser - risk allele: T (Pro589Ser) This is called TF C2. It creates an increased likelihood of iron loading when combined with any c282y and h63d because it forces a reduced TIBC resulting in higher levels of free iron and free radicals. This also Increases susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease but only when combined with c282y.

I had 17 phlebotomy or vein puncture in last quarter of 2018.  My Iron has not returned two years later. My gut derailed after phlebotomy. My EGFR dropped to 45 during the 17 phlebotomy.  This causes concern for CKD, to be talked about in another blog. Hematocrit and blood thicker than pancake batter.

Mutations in HFE Causing Hemochromatosis Are Associated with Primary Hypertriglyceridemia

https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/94/11/4391/2596710https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/94/11/4391/2596710

https://www.rethinkanemiaofckd.com/insufficient-hif-activation.html

https://www.medscape.com/answers/126568-15805/what-are-the-genetic-causes-of-hypertriglyceridemia-high-triglyceride-levels

• The 2021 global theme for Rare Disease Day is "Health Equity." What does equity in health mean to you?

That my rare gene will be looked at by science.

• How will you be showing your stripes for Rare Disease Day?

By posting this blog

https://rarediseases.org/rare-disease-day/

• Your photo(s), video(s) or audio recording(s)
  Videos should be under 2mins and in .mov or .mp4 

Everchangingms.blogspot.com

H63D Genes, Hemochromarosis, Multiple Sclerosis, iron

 Wild. --- unmutated h63D gene (gray) and mutated H63D gene (red)

Back to this pesky H63D gene needing to write again on. 

This does concern the Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis disease I was given in 2012, and the multitude of diagnosis that came afterwards, all inter related.  I hope some scientist can figure this out.

Pro570Ser - risk allele: T (Pro589Ser) This is called TF C2. It creates an increased likelihood of iron loading when combined with any c282y and h63d because it forces a reduced TIBC resulting in higher levels of free iron and free radicals. This also Increases susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease but only when combined with c282y.

But I have two copies of H63D, that one less than 3% get iron overloaded.

This gene has been With me my entire life. It is hereditary.

My Iron Results DNA

Hemochromatosis is one of the diagnosis in 2018. Thick blood, that the endocrinologist sent me to the Cancer Center. It took them a few DNA searches to find, but two pair. Less than 3% have Hemochromatosis caused by this gene.  My Iron, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Transferrin were high, along with Hypertrycglimeria stage I was in.

17 phlebotomy or vein punctures for my Europe readers were done last quarter of 2018.

Two years later, no iron has returned (or a little, since they allowed me to use cast iron skillet again, and spinach) but iron still low, barely on the chart.

My blood was thicker than pancake batter.

Does this still make me anemic two years later? Depends on which Doctor you talk with

Is this being anemic for two years? I kept doing my blood labs every two months. with iron not moving. The hemoglobin is on high side now.  So does this make me iron deficient?

Lots of questions, so asked my medical team.

Ferritin 13, iron 49, Transferrin 305H, Total iron binding 424H, Iron sat11.6% low. This is two years after phlebotomy Erythropietin was 25H. Creatine still high, along with Tryglicerdimia

As anemic, has its own set of problems, and other diagnostic items of what it can damage, and so does low iron, and MS.

I belong to a Hemochromatosis group. had family checked, as hereditary.   Found two others given diagnostic from this pesky gene. I asked to become a member of anemia group, and iron group to find out more of what came first?

What if I had anemia my whole life, but it was drowned out by Hemochromatosis, and MS? I found a site,  https://www.anemiaid.com/

This will check your DNA for free.  I sent request to my cancer Dr.

I also found interesting info from these sites I emailed my Dr team.

https://www.rethinkanemiaofckd.com/insufficient-hif-activation.html

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/blood-diseases/anemia-inflammation-chronic-disease#chronic

My GI symptoms went south when I had my last phlebotomy. He did not see coordination of iron playing a role. He is a great GI Dr.  Linzess along with laculose was given. He informed me from my last upper and lower GI, that I did not have ulcerative colitis, but  IBS-C. He did more test to verify this. A breathing test to check for hydrogen. Used  l lactulose, so had to be off this for a week. Constipation.  A emptying test.

I have also had a swallowing test, that showed problems. Eating radioactive food, never sound appealing.

I am also on metoclopramide, as my MS is not giving my bowel muscles the proper signal to muscles to move food along. This was also tested, by going off this medicine for months, and being put back on. I call this a Black Box medicine, as may interfere with my other meds. My drug company always has to check with GP, Neurologist, and GI Dr to get ok.

But GI problems go with MS, hand in hand. However, if you do not have iron, another story.

Iron is a absorbed in the lower intestine.

I have problems absorbing items there, as a test with vitamin D was done, with the assistance of my endocrinologist.  I was able to take 50,000 iu/day less tablets, by just changing time of day taken. A oil pill, like Vascepa, but interference with some genes and possibility meds.  

Not that Iron is the solution, but why am I not absorbing from foods, cast iron skillets? 

If regular Hemochromatosis, I would be making new red blood cells every four months. The bone marrow, would tell this. Also I would need to give blood every three months for Hemochromatosis levels.

So not to go into any new diagnosis given, I asked my team at UC Davis to check on more items. This may add a new team member, but that's for another blog.

Would love feedback from anyone.

Stay health and safe.  Be sure to like my blog and YouTube channel.

JoeY

Butterf!lies and Multiple Sclerosis

 

New youtube channel.     Youtube.com       Everchangingms

                                 Butterflies and MS

Why even call or say something like this? Seems strange on its own, but I. Am sure everyone can relate.

"The life cycle of a Painted Lady butterfly is approximately three weeks. Female butterflies usually lay their caterpillar eggs around 5-7 days after emerging from their chrysalis. Baby caterpillars hatch from the eggs after three days. The growing caterpillars will then eat for 10-12 days before forming their own chrysalides. Finally, adult butterflies will emerge from the chrysalides after 7-10 days, starting the life cycle all over again!"

What does this have to do with MS?  There is a term used like I have "butterflies in my stomach", usually referring to the unknown, or a churning feeling given at any moment.  This can manifest into the above cycle of learning, exploring, and redoing the same as new items are found.

RimabotulinumtoxinB (Myobloc), also called botulinum toxin type B, is made from the bacteria that causes botulism. Botulinum toxin blocks nerve activity in the muscles, causing a temporary reduction in muscle activity.

Myobloc is used to treat cervical dystonia (severe spasms in the neck muscles).

I have many unknowns with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. This includes waking up with shooting zaps from my legs and neck muscles, wondering if they will support me.  On other blogs, I talk about the 

                                  Black Box Warning.

This is for  botulinum toxin type b I recieve every three months. Its cycle is like a butterfly. Mine is injected with fine needles into many muscles of my calves, neck and thigh muscles. The botulinum toxin then starts to spread over the next few weeks, making its cycle of reproduction into, deadening overactive muscle nerves that are part of my Multiple Sclerosis sending to them erroneously.

symptoms can also occur in adults treated for spasticity and other conditions, particularly in those patients who have underlying conditions that would predispose them to these symptoms. In unapproved uses, including spasticity in children and adults, and in approved indications, cases of spread of effect have occurred at doses comparable to those used to treat cervical dystonia and at lower doses.

The botulinum toxin continues its life cycle, for me, lasting about 52 days. Short of the 90 days, that is required to wait for the next injections, or new cycle to begin. 

Even on with a computer guidance system, the professor of the Neurological department, knows which muscles, injections, spots, muscle names, and where he is trying to obtain the best result, using the entire allotted amount of botox in many sites.

Of course, not all sites get addresses at a single visit. It takes time for the botox to multiply and travel into and thru the muscles. A Cane helps me walk into and out of his office, feeling immediately the botox injection.

A black box warning

The botulinum toxin contained in this medication can spread to other body areas beyond where it was injected. This can cause serious life-threatening side effects.

This is where the benefits outweigh the risks for me. A special form is signed by me before the neurologist can inject.

A weird process to look forward to, that I just had done, and done since the beggining of my diagnosis, every three months.

 And the butterfly process begins again.

As far as butterflies in my stomach, is always the unknowns. I can research many items. Some outside my control, some just numbers that specialists look at from blood work.

There are items I share with my Neurologist, I will post links in another blog to keep you reading. They thank me for the links, as it pertains to the Rare H63d genes I have, and also  to specific topics. You (my audience) gets to wait until I see the proper specialists, so I can obtain their perspective.

Anyways, thanks for reading!

Post comments below, or on my new YouTube channel by looking for Everchangingms on YouTube.    Everchangingms 

Or copy link below

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC98yB2domLErZ1qpfe5VUfg

Like my videos, And be sure to comment as this helps obtain more views.

Stay Safe

JoeY

SANO and Multiple Sclerosis a some of my DNA

Multiple Sclerosis

Complexity Level:Complex

mid

Heritability- medium -48% - 64%

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a rare autoimmune condition, caused by a body’s own immune system attacking its central nervous system.

A quick note: this article is not intended as diagnosis or treatment advice.

As well as the genes covered here, around 200 more have also been found to contribute to MS, along with environmental factors, so this is very far from being a full picture of your risk level.

i

Different variations in some of the HLA* family of genes and certain T-cell related genes have been found to relate to different levels of risk.

HIGHER RISK

LOWER RISK

rs3135388

TC

effect:3Higher risk

rs4959039

AG

effect:1.4Higher risk

rs6897932

CC

effect:1.08Higher risk

rs2104286

GA

effect:1.4Higher risk

*Read on for more detail on exactly how these genes and environmental factors like vitamin D deficiency affect MS risk.

This is my Data from SanoGenetics.com. Quite a interesting read. They picked up my Data from 23andme.com, so not a complete set of DNA used.  I have asked their permission to use this page in my blog,  as this information may help scientist and researchers.  Tellmegen.com has a  complete set of my DNA, along with Allofus.org

Vitamin D may also play a role in MS. A detailed report is available by emailing me, as I will retest to see if some items Tellmegen.com has shown interferes or not with vitamin D. 

JoeY
                     A song that I thought would fit this DNA from yester year

Time in a bottle plus the classic Sound of silence

TURKMENISTAN - WHY ARE THE STREETS SO EMPTY?

This report covers several of the genes known to play a role in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This article is not intended as a diagnosis or to provide treatment advice, but as an educational and informational tool that is personalised to your genetic data. Beyond the genes covered here, there are around 200 genes which have been identified that also contribute to MS. Non-genetic factors such as Vitamin D also play a role in MS, and are explored in this report .

What is Multiple Sclerosis?

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a rare autoimmune condition which is caused by the body’s own immune system attacking its central nervous system .

It is characterized by a wide variety of symptoms including problems with vision, movement and speech .

The risk of developing MS is influenced by many factors including genetics. Several genes have been identified in influencing the development of MS, many of which regulate the immune system.

Which genes influence a person's possible development of Multiple Sclerosis?

The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) is a family of MS related genes that make a group of proteins called the HLA complex which plays a role in helping immune cells communicate with each other. The HLA complex helps the immune system to differentiate between foreign attackers (e.g. bacteria or viruses) and the body's own tissues. In MS, the immune system is unable to distinguish between the body's own tissues and a foreign attacker due to a miscommunication between immune cells.

Different variations of HLA genes have been found to relate to the risk of developing MS. Two of those variations are HLA-DRB1 (rs3135388) and HLA-G (rs4959039). Allele rs3135388(T) in HLA-DRB1 has been associated with a 3 to 6-fold higher risk of developing MS.

SNP rs3135388

You have the variant TC at position rs3135388. You have about a 3 times higher risk, than the average person, of developing Multiple Sclerosis.

Allele rs4959039(G) in HLA-G has shown to be associated with around a 2-fold higher risk for developing MS.

SNP rs4959039

You have the variant AG at position rs4959039. You have about a 1.4 times higher risk, than the average person, of developing Multiple Sclerosis.

What environmental factors influence a person's chances of developing Multiple Sclerosis?

One of the environmental factors which has been linked to the development of MS is vitamin D deficiency. People with MS have lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) in their bodies. Research suggests that increasing Vitamin D levels in people with a predisposition to developing MS may reduce risk of developing the condition.

In the kidney, skin and immune cells, 25-OHD3 is processed and activated by a gene called CYP27B1. This means that the final level of active vitamin D3 is dependent not just on Vitamin D levels, which is influenced by factors such as sun exposure and diet, but also genetic factors in the CYP27B1 gene.

Low levels of CYP27B1 will likely influence the available amount of active vitamin D3 present in the body. As a result, studies have shown that Individuals with allele rs703842 (T), which is correlated with lower levels of CYP27B1, are on average more likely to be affected by MS.

SNP rs703842

You have the variant TT at position rs703842. This variant is associated with an increased risk of developing Multiple Sclerosis.

What are T cells and what role do they play in developing Multiple Sclerosis?

The IL7RA gene produces a protein that participates in immune system response and in T cell (a type of immune cell) development. Some genetic variants in IL7RA result in decreased protein levels. It has been shown that carriers of the allele rs6897932 (C) produce less IL7RA, and people with allele rs6897932 (C;C) have about 2 fold higher risk for MS development. On the other hand, the (C;T) and (T;T) variants are associated with protection against MS.

SNP rs6897932

You have the variant CC at position rs6897932. This variant is associated with an 1.08 times higher risk, than the average person, of developing Multiple Sclerosis.

T Cells, mentioned previously, are an important part of our body's immune system and are involved in ‘adaptive immunity’, which includes a system for remembering past threats and responding to those threats when they occur again. MS, like many autoimmune diseases, is in part the result of T Cells not functioning correctly, and attacking the bodies own cells.

IL2RA produces a protein that is involved in T-Cell growth, and genetic variants in IL2RA are associated with MS risk. The rs2104286 (A) allele is associated with a higher risk of MS, while the rs2104286 (G;G) allele is associated with lower MS risk. One of the FDA-approved treatments for MS, daclizumab, works by blocking IL2RA.

In conclusion

There are around 200 genes which could influence a person’s development of Multiple Sclerosis, many of which regulate the immune system. Some genes may increase or decrease the risk of developing MS directly, whereas others may increase or decrease the risk of associated conditions such as vitamin D deficiency that can influence a person's likelihood of developing MS. However, genetics is just a small factor among many other factors (including environmental, immunologic and infectious factors) which influence a persons likelihood of developing MS.

Research into immunology, epidemiology, genetics and infectious agents is essential to increase our understanding of the causes of MS as well as helping to discover more effective treatments.

References

[1]National MS Society: What Causes MS?

[2]Mayo Clinic: Multiple Sclerosis

[3]Sano Genetics: Multiple Sclerosis

Glossary

[Environmental Factors]

Environmental factors are external influences that can affect an individual's health and wellbeing.

[Immune System]

The organs and processes of the body that provide resistance to infection and toxins.

[Immunological]

Relating to the structure and function of the immune system

[Infectious Agents]

Is generally used to describe and encompass any material that can cause an infection that can lead to a disease. There are four main classes of infectious agents: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

[Protein]

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body.

[SNP]

SNP stands for 'single nucleotide polymorphism' and refers to regions of DNA that vary

Sano home

But even more DNA using  DNA from tellmegen.com

rs10492972       AG (or TC if reading the complementary DNA strand))                     G (or C) is the risk allele

KIF1B gene              conflicting reports; possible slight increased risk for multiple sclerosis

rs12722489     IL2RA gene    AG                   a slight increase in risk of developing multiple sclerosis      G is the risk allele

rs6498169        AG       KIAA0350 gene   1.14x risk of multiple sclerosis          A is the risk allele

rs10984447    AG        DBC1 gene        1.17x increased risk for multiple sclerosis    A is the risk allele

rs12044852   AC         CD58                  1.24X risk           C is the risk allele

rs12708716    AA       CLEC16A       1.6x risk of type-1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases (such as MS)          A is the risk allele

rs4149584     GG        TNFRSF1A       normal risk           A is the risk allele

rs3135388     AG (or TC)      HLA-DRA          3x higher risk of multiple sclerosis                 A (or T) is the risk allele