Vitamin B retake Again 2016 or 2023 ground hog day

 The Year is 2016. Vitamin B

Photo by Wikipedia

           Lets Time Travel some

Vitamin B Protocol was added to my daily regime in 2016 by a excellent Dr. This was taking individual vitamins Bs, not the multivitamin, as that did not have the amount of each vitamin desired, or needed.

This went on for six months .  

Now lets talk about the Ground hog movie..haha

The Year 2023, I am on the Same Vitamin B regime. Forgot I had done this in 2016.

 November 2022 my B12 was found to low. Neurologist wants it above 800, so assume thus All Bs are low.  So now Six months of loading, then off for 2-3 months to be retested, according to the protocol.

I am taking over the counter Bs, in different strengths. All water soluble. My GI said, A expensive experiment, as you pee out any excess.

Vitamin b7 was omitted, as is also known as biotin, and may cause endocrine test to give faulty results.  I was on high doses of Biotin, following a Trial with the real Biotin measured out on a Scale. Weird White Powder. I did get up there using high amounts, followed by a Neurologist. But the outcomes of the Study did not work.

But this time, with more knowledge. I have the H63D double gene, that gave me iron overload in 2017. 17 phlebotomy left me iron deficient for three years. No new phlebotomy needed.  But the Be being added may show a hiccup in next blood test? Read Wikipedia link below.

Several B vitamins aid in the sleep process. Vitamins B1 and B2 not only turn food into energy, but also produce melatonin, the sleep hormone. The production of melatonin shows that these vitamins encourage sleep. Taking a thiamine (vitamin B1) supplement can help you sleep better throughout the night, which will allow you to wake up feeling refreshed. To avoid deficiencies, add vegetables, eggs, and meat to your diet.

Vitamin B6 helps with your thinking ability and supports immune health. Because it aids cognitive function, it is no surprise that vitamin B6 enables you to remember your dreams. It also works to produce the two important hormones – serotonin and melatonin. Whereas melatonin makes you sleepy, serotonin stabilizes your mood. When these hormones are out of whack, your ability to sleep is negatively impacted. 

The combination of serotonin and melatonin produces a relationship between lack of sleep and depression. While not everyone who is depressed has sleep problems, a large percentage of these people suffer from insomnia. Many others with depression sleep too much, a condition called hypersomnia.

Some foods that are rich in vitamin B6 are cheese, fish, bananas and whole grains. A note to make about vitamin B6 is that too much of this vitamin can be toxic. Before starting a supplement, in addition to changing your diet, it’s best to talk to your doctor to ensure your level doesn’t get too high.

Vitamin B12 helps your body produce red blood cells and supports brain and cardiovascular functions. As far as sleep is concerned, it appears that vitamin B12 helps to regulate your circadian rhythm. However, studies show conflicting results about sleep. Some studies revealed that a deficiency led to insomnia, whereas other research showed that high levels were related to interrupted sleep patterns. Keeping your vitamin B12 level within a normal range will have the best outcome for your ability to sleep. To ensure you’re getting enough of this vitamin in your diet, eat shellfish, dairy and eggs.

https://www.activeiron.com/blog/best-time-to-take-vitamins/

What is each B Vitamin good for?

Vitamin B-1 is known as Thiamin. It plays a crucial role in breaking down carbs and protein. Good sources include peanuts, black beans, and grain products. Good sources: Whole or fortified grain products, pork, peanuts, and black beans.

Vitamin B-3 is also called Niacin. Found in peanuts, fish, brown rice, and whole grains.

Vitamin B-6 is involved in a vast amount of metabolic pathways – it’s essential for the optimal breakdown of food (and particularly carbohydrates) from big nutrients into small units the body can use. Good sources include bananas, tuna, chickpeas, and pistachios.

Vitamin B-9 is called Folate, and it’s essential to the production of red blood cells. It’s one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. Good sources include avocados, leafy greens, broccoli, green peas, and more.

Vitamin B-12 is only found in animal products. Vitamin B-12 is crucial to the normal functioning of the nervous system. It helps to create and regulate RNA, and it’s also involved in the formation of red blood cells. The best time to take vitamin B-12 is in the morning similar to all B vitamins.

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319556#is-timing-important-for-vitamins

When to take B vitamins

People tend to take B vitamins to boost energy and reduce stress.

There are eight different types of B vitamins, each of which has a separate function for the body. The types of B vitamins are:

thiamin Vitamin B1 or thiamin is essential for glucose metabolism and nerve, muscle, and heart function.

riboflavin B2 Vitamin B2 helps break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. It plays a vital role in maintaining the body’s energy supply.

Riboflavin helps convert carbohydrates into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The human body produces ATP from food, and ATP produces energy as the body requires it. The compound ATP is vital for storing energy in muscles.

Along with vitamin A, vitamin B is essential for:

vitamin B-6.  recent research indicates that vitamin B-6 may potentially interfere with sleepTrusted Source and induce vivid dreams. 

niacin

biotin

vitamin B-12

folic acid or Folate is important for a range of functions in the body.

It helps the body make healthy new red blood cells, for example. Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body. If the body does not make enough of these, a person can develop anemia, leading to fatigue, weakness, and a pale complexion.

Without enough folate, a person can also develop a type of anemia called folate deficiency anemia.

Folate is also important for the synthesis and repair of DNA and other genetic material, and it is necessary for cells to divide

From BrainMD.Com

https://brainmd.com/blog/folic-acid-vs-folate-everything-you-need-to-know/#:~:text=Methylfolate%20is%20the%20folate%20form,absorb%20it%20into%20the%20blood. 

WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FOLATE, FOLIC ACID, AND METHYLFOLATE?

Many foods are being “fortified” with folic acid (FA) to help consumers maintain good nutritional folate status. Also, dietary supplements that include folate typically provide it as FA. Yet this substance is a manufactured folate that is known to be poorly utilized by the body’s folate enzyme system. The body has to use an enzyme to make FA usable, and this enzyme’s conversion capacity is limited. Consequently, many people have unconverted FA in their bloodstream, which studies have linked to negative health effects.

Methylfolate is the folate form most naturally preferred by the body, so much so that the intestinal lining has “transport proteins” that bind to it and selectively absorb it into the blood. Similar proteins also move MF from the circulation into the brain tissue. But MF utilization can be blocked by the FA coming from fortified foods or poorly formulated dietary supplements. Folic acid is not just poorly effective — it actually interferes with the enzymes that are tasked with using MF and the other folates coming from our foods. Folic acid consumption is a serious health issue.

Bottom line: always choose supplements with methylfolate instead of folic acid.

Now the MTHFR Gene people think plays how items are absorbed. Yes an no?

The below is a great blog that talks about this.

About Methylfolate

https://anabundantlife.com.au/methylfolate-feel-bad/

Have you ever wondered how many b vitamins there are?

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_vitamins

This is one of my favorite, as describes in detail all the B vitamins. I will let you look at this link on your research.

Vitamin D, has been talked about in prior blogs. Perhaps the best defense in MS, and keeping things in control. However, be followed by a endocrinologist, as D can pull calcium from bones, put into blood stream, cause kidney stones and more at high dose.

Vitamin K-4 will help keep this from happening.

A Experiment for Scientist in the making.

Now what happened to all my post for the last year and half?  Made them, just not right time for posting them, as  under investigation by experts experts, Alarming, perhaps, but so is MS, or anything.  More info doesn't change anything, just gives different perspectives.

Ok, enough of ground hog day repeating in another year,

Take time to listen to the birds!

Thanks for reading. Feel free to comment, as have not covered everything needed

JoeY

Vitamin B and what is effected in MS with DNA

 

Vitamin B

Image from Wikipedia

B1 is used for Metabolism.  According to Wikipedia, "Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B₁, is a vitamin, an essential micronutrient, that cannot be made in the body.^[3][4] It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication.^[1][5] Phosphorylated forms of thiamine are required for some metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of glucose and amino acids.^[1] "

B2,  Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement. It is essential to the formation of two major coenzymes...f!avin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide  What is riboflavin and what does it do? Riboflavin (also called vitamin B2) is important for the growth, development, and function of the cells in your body. It also helps turn the food you eat into the energy you need.

B3 Niacin. It can treat high cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well as niacin deficiency. It can also reduce the risk of heart attack and slow narrowing of the arteries.

Overview. Niacin is a B vitamin that's made and used by your body to turn food into energy. It helps keep your nervous system, digestive system and skin healthy.

 key difference between vitamin B3 and B12 is that vitamin B3 is important in controlling cholesterol and triglyceride levels in our blood, whereas vitamin B12 is important as a cofactor in DNA synthesis for both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is an important nutrient. In fact, every part of your body needs it to function properly. As a supplement, niacin may help lower cholesterol, ease arthritis, and boost brain function, among other benefits.

May reduce blood pressure. One role of niacin is to release prostaglandins, or chemicals that help your blood vessels widen — improving blood flow and reducing blood pressure. For this reason, niacin may play a role in the prevention or treatment of high blood pressure 

Vitamin B3 is a member of the vitamin family, which includes three forms of vitamers as nicotinamide, niacin, and nicotinamide riboside. Vitamin B12 is a type of vitamin involved in metabolism in our body.

what-is-the-difference-between-niacin-niacinamide/

B5. Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B₅ is a water-soluble B vitamin and therefore an essential nutrient. All animals require pantothenic acid in order to synthesize coenzyme A – essential for fatty acid metabolism – as well as to, in general, synthesize and metabolize proteins, carbohydrates, and fats     what is B5 vitamins good for? In addition to playing a role in the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates for energy, vitamin B5 is critical to the manufacture of red blood cells, as well as sex and stress-related hormones produced in the adrenal glands, small glands that sit atop the kidneys.

B6. Vitamin B-6 pyridoxine is important for normal brain development and for keeping the nervous system and immune system healthy. Food sources of vitamin B-6 include poultry, fish, potatoes, chickpeas, bananas and fortified cereals Vitamin B6 is a vitamin that benefits the central nervous system and metabolism. Its roles include turning food into energy and helping to create neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine.Vitamin B6 is one of eight B vitamins. This group of vitamins is important for proper cell function. They help with metabolism, creating blood cells, and keeping cells healthy.  also known as pyridoxine, vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin, which means it dissolves in water. The body does not store vitamin B6 and releases any excess in urine, so people need to get enough vitamin B6 every day.

B9  Folic Acid.  aids in the production of DNA and RNA, the body's genetic material, and is especially important when cells and tissues are growing rapidly, such as in infancy, adolescence, and pregnancy. Folic acid also works closely with vitamin B12 to help make red blood cells and help iron work properly in the body.

Vitamin B9, also called folate or folic acid, is one of 8 B vitamins. All B vitamins help the body convert food (carbohydrates) into fuel (glucose), which is used to produce energy.

What happens when you lack B9? Vitamin B9 deficiency can lead to anaemia and might increase your risk of heart disease. It's also really important during early pregnancy for a developing baby. Signs of deficiency include tiredness, weakness, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, and difficulty concentrating.

When you have anemia, your blood can't bring enough oxygen to all your tissues and organs. Without enough oxygen, your body can't work as well as it should. Low levels of folic acid can cause megaloblastic anemia. With this condition, red blood cells are larger than normal. It works wit B12

Folic acid helps make healthy red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. If you do not have enough folic acid, your body can make abnormally large red blood cells that do not work properly. This causes folate deficiency anaemia, which can cause tiredness and other symptoms.

What is Methyl Folate?
Methylfolate, sometimes known as L Methylfolate or 5-MTHF, is the active, more bioavailable form of the essential B-Vitamin Folic Acid. In order for the body to use Folic Acid, it must first be converted to Methyl Folate. 

Folic acid and folate can be cheap, but methylfolate tends to be the most effective option when it comes to treating the unique needs of MTHFR and giving the body an enzyme it can directly act upon. L-methylfolate (chemically (6S)-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate) is the most pure, active form of methylfolate you can buy.

B12 Vitamin B₁₂, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. It is one of eight B vitamins. It is required by animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Wikipedia. 

Vitamin B12 is a nutrient that helps keep your body's blood and nerve cells healthy and helps make DNA, the genetic material in all of your cells. Vitamin B12 also helps prevent megaloblastic anemia, a blood condition that makes people tired and weak

Methylcobalamin. Methylcobalamin is the most bio-available type of Vitamin B12 which means the body absorbs it more easily. Naturally occurring, it is found in animal-based foods such as meat, fish, milk and eggs

People sometimes ask which of the two supplements is better – the artificial (cyanocobalamin) or naturally occurring (methylcobalamin). Studies have shown that cyanocobalamin is known to absorb slightly better within the body while methylcobalamin is considered to retain better and for longer.Aug 23, 2022.

t, and eat thru your gut.ry

DNA. mthfre Gene

The MTHFR gene codes for a key 

enzyme in folate metabolism

I just so happen to have this Gene, and wrote about it before I found out I was Vitamin Deficiency of B12.  I am below 200. Neurologist wants me above 800. I went thru my entire team, to ensure the individual combinations might be of help.  It may be a double edge sword though, as thick blood cells become problematic.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency is the most common genetic cause of elevated serum levels of homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia). It is caused by genetic defects in MTHFR, which is an important enzyme in the methyl cycle.^[1]

Thanks for reading.

Hope this will let you question each vitamin, and amount used, and why.

I did not go into full details, but a starting point.

Energy Drinks full of only certain B vitamins, that may not be the best to try

My Dr also agreed, that if I'm deficient in b12, that I am deficient in other B Vitamins.

I am not a Doctor, so check with yours before taking any supplements. Some may interfere with other meds.

A few of ones to start with. Vitamin B7, or Biotin, i stayed away from, as it effects blood test

B1 250mg metabolism

B2 as Riboflavin 100mg

B3 as Niacin 500 mg

B5 as Pantothenic Acid 500 Mg

B6 100 mg Metabolism support

B9 800 Mcg as folic Acid

B9 Methylfolate

B12 as Methylcobalamin 2000 mcg

B12 as cyanocobalamin 3000

 

Thoughts of a Warrior

      Robert Gillett

 Thoughts of a Warrior

Beneath the Tracksuit

EverchangingMS.blogspot.com

A Shout out from Northern California Sierra Foothills, USA to Robbie in the UK, who is making awareness of Multiple Sclerosis thru his book available on Amazon,

Thoughts of a Warrior

His poetry to Music, you will find in link on my page to the Right.   Robbie is from the UK.

He is now going to Teach a Class in Poetry, Continues to blog from his 

Facebook link, Beneath the Track suit.

He came up with a project to get everyone to send him a hi from any place in the World to him now, so I invite you to do the same challenge.  All his info to send him a picture is on his Facebook site.  Or A Shout out of where you are.  My partner,  Thinmansewing,  just bought me the book as a early Christmas present.

Beneath the tracksuit info 

So cheers to Robert Gillett, in the UK, and keep up the momentum from another Primary Progressive Blogger in USA.

Joey

Lyons Mane Mushroom and Effects With Multiple Sclerosis

Lyons Mane Mushroom and Effects with Multiple Sclerosis

 What is there to say about a mushroom that looks like a fluffy white lion (how it got its name)?

Quite a bit, as it turns out.

Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) has been both a culinary mushroom and medicine throughout history. It has a delicate flavor and powerful health-promoting compounds when it comes to traditional use. It was (and still is) an important medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).

But, more notably, its benefits have come under the scrutiny and excitement of scientific research— all because what it is capable of doing is so noteworthy that it deserves its own spotlight, and possibly even its own exploration into potential as medicine in the mainstream.

WHAT LION’S MANE CAN DO FOR HEALTH

So, what exactly is this alien-looking mushroom capable of? A lot, according to both tradition and science.

The following are the most notable benefits for health that can be found in lion’s mane. Many of these bridge any gap that can be found between the mushroom’s original folk use and the modern science that supports it.

NEUROPROTECTOR

Lion’s mane’s capabilities as a powerful neuroprotector are what truly lay the foundation of all the outstanding things it can do.

“Neuroprotector” (also called “neurotrophic”) means that something protects the nerves and neurons, and possibly even stimulate better healing and growth in the entire nervous system. slots malaysia

A 2013 review indeed termed lion’s mane a neuroprotective botanical owing to all the evidence of its effects.

What this means is that lion’s mane has the potential to protect, heal, and support anything related to the nervous system or what could affect it, including functions, health, damage, and more.

IMPROVE MEMORY

From neuroprotective abilities, many other benefits can branch out—and one of these is improving memory naturally.

Memory is innately tied to how neurons and nerves function in the brain.

If lion’s mane has the potential to protect these, then it can improve lots of different functions, not excluding memory.

Studies even show this is possible. In one study, test subjects were given extracts of the mushroom. These subjects demonstrated reduced experiences with short-term memory problems.

This means that, when used every day, lion’s mane might improve memory.

BOOST COGNITION AND FOCUS

Just as lion’s mane could boost memory, it could also improve cognition and focus. Meaning: it enhances the way the brain works, learns, and what it absorbs.

This means less distraction, slow thinking, and even mental fatigue.

That’s right, lion’s mane might help brain fog in the books. The same study showing how the mushroom affected memory also found that overall cognitive function benefitted from the use of the fungus.

It might just be the perfect supplement if getting distracted, forgetting those keys, and struggling with remembering important info at meetings sounds familiar.

REDUCE THE RISK OF NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

Lots more besides memory struggles and cognitive issues could be helped by the likes of lion’s mane. For one, lion’s mane could actually help with neurological disorders for which each of these are just symptoms.

Most distinctively, studies show lion’s mane may help with Alzheimer’s and dementia.

After all, each has memory problems and cognitive dysfunction as trademark symptoms of their respective diseases. Studies are especially favorable of lion’s mane’s potential with Alzheimer’s, which studies show has strong indicators of being a great therapy for the neurological illness, pending more quality research.

PROTECT AGAINST STROKE

When science dubs lion’s mane a neuroprotector, this means it doesn’t just protect function and health—but against damage, too.

As a neuroprotector compared to other studied natural neuroprotectors and nootropics, lion’s mane reigns as king.

Its effects include protecting against powerful damage, even that resulting from a stroke. Studies even show that lion’s mane may help ameliorate the damage caused by strokes, too.

It certainly isn’t backed by enough research to be passed off as a stroke medicine or therapy quite yet. But what science has shown definitely opens up promising doors to the idea.

PROTECT AGAINST CONCUSSIONS AND BRAIN DAMAGE

Brain damage caused by a stroke can be similar to that caused by trauma, injury, or collision. As such, lion’s mane could have a hand in helping heal damage from concussions or other brain damage.

Damage is known as “ischemia injury” is the biggest concern following events like strokes or concussions.

The same study showing lion’s mane’s benefits for stroke-caused ischemia injury could thus apply to concussions. As a neuroprotective, it can specifically assist with guarding the brain, nerves, and tissues from damage due to lack of oxygen, blood clots, and more, research shows.

IMPROVE ANXIETY

Experiencing anxiety can feel emotional and spiritual, though it’s most definitely a mental health and nervous system problem.

Because it’s tied to nerves and neurons, however, anxiety could benefit from a neuroprotector like lion’s mane.

One study showed that lion’s mane extract for issues with anxiety could suppress some of its most troublesome symptoms, including irritation, concentration issues, heart palpitations, and more often not the anxiety itself.

What’s more, lion’s mane performed better for these symptoms compared to a placebo. It could mean great holistic support for anxiety and anxiety disorders, though more studies are needed.

HELP DEPRESSION

Even better yet, this healing mushroom oddity could play a role in helping or supporting depression (and possibly general stress, too).

The same study that showed benefits to people experiencing anxiety also showed perks for depression sufferers.

Once again, there were greater benefits felt from taking lion’s mane extract for depression compared to a placebo. Researchers concluded that lion’s mane should be investigated as a depression therapy, but that more studies would be needed before assuming it as an anti-depressant.

As with anxiety though, if lion’s mane protects the nerves, then it most likely helps depression.

WORKS LIKE AN ANTIOXIDANT

All of lion’s mane’s neuroprotective benefits make it quite unique. Science could easily regard the mushroom as one of the most well-researched and powerful neuroprotectors in the world today.

But in other ways, lion’s mane’s benefits could be more ordinary.

As a matter of fact, lion’s mane is shown to be a simple antioxidant: not that much different from nutritious antioxidant-rich foods or supplements like dark berries, cacao, or grape seed.

Research shows evidence confirming this too. In one study, lion’s mane extract showed very powerful antioxidant powers, some strong enough to protect major organs.

BOOSTS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

One overlooked the power of antioxidants is that they can help naturally boost immunity.

Antioxidants do their part by fighting free radicals. These can cause inflammation and disease in the body, but can also impair immunity.

Lion’s mane boosts immunity by relieving chronic inflammation as an antioxidant.

Furthermore, polysaccharides—microscopic healing compounds—extracted from lion’s mane mushroom also showed their own unique characteristics in an interesting study. This research showed that the bizarre-looking fungus might not just enhance immunity blindly, but it could also modulate it so that it expressed itself in the healthiest way possible.

In the long run, this could also make lion’s mane useful and supportive of autoimmune disorders.

PROTECT THE LIVER

2012’s study on lion’s mane not only found that it had evidence of being a strong antioxidant, but that it could also be a great support for liver health.

In fact, the study particularly tested the mushroom’s antioxidant benefits on the liver organ itself. In the study, there appeared to be a formidable affinity between the lion’s mane mushroom extract and damaged or threatened tissues of the liver.

For this reason, one could call lion’s mane a liver protector.

More excitingly, it could also properly be called a “detox” supporter, since it appears to help the most important detox organ in the body: the liver.

GREAT FOR DIGESTIVE HEALTH

Beyond the liver—which can sometimes be called a major player of the digestive system—lion’s mane may have perks in store for all other players and organs in the digestive tract and system as well.

This is owed to an in vitro study of the mushroom’s gastroprotective effects.

In this fascinating study, extracts of lion’s mane showed protection of gastrointestinal tissues, including symptoms of certain disorders and even ulcers. It may very well be that these effects are owed to its antioxidant and immune-boosting effects on digestive tissues all combined.

REDUCE THE RISK OF CANCER

This strange yet exciting mushroom could be one’s ultimate botanical ally against one of the most feared diseases on the planet: cancer.

As a general antioxidant to start, lion’s mane may reduce the risk of any type of cancer that could be started by free radicals, and if taken every day.

Studies, on the other hand, have shown a specific affinity between the mushroom and gastrointestinal cancers. More specifically, lion’s mane has demonstrated potent effects against liver, rectal, and gastric cancers, though more studies are needed before referring to it or treating it like a cancer remedy.

EXPERIENCE LION’S MANE

Lion’s mane is one of the most widely-studied medicinal mushrooms and agreeably most powerful nootropics and neuroprotectors.  

These can be bought also at Primalherb.com

Information above supplied by Primal Herb for the Search of Lions Main Mushrooms, and studies website material is their material

Thank you for reading

JoeY

MTHFRE GENE

 MTHFRE GENE

The MTHFR gene codes for a key 

enzyme in folate metabolism. 

A large number of studies have

The associated the presence of 

common variants in the C677T and 

A1298C populations

 with a decreased folate metabolic capacity that could be related to several clinical conditions.

The MTHFR gene encodes for the enzyme methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase which plays

 a key role in folate and homocysteine metabolism by catalyzing the conversion of dietary

 ingested folate (vitamin B9) into the main circulating form of folate which is used in the 

conversion pathway of homocysteine to methionine. Methionine is an essential amino acid,

 not only for the constitution of the body's proteins, but also for DNA methylation and regulation 

of gene expression. In this sense, changes in the MTHFR gene sequence can lead to deficiency

 of this enzyme, and with this, to alterations in the folate conversion cycle and in the generation

 of methionine from homocysteine, which can lead to low levels of folate in blood and elevated 

levels of homocysteine in blood and urine (homocystinuria).

Variants in the MTHFR gene C677T and A1298C are two of the most common polymorphisms

 in the general population. Approximately 60-70% of individuals will have at least one of these 

variants, 8.5% will be homozygous (two copies) for one of them, and 2.25% will be compound 

heterozygous carriers (one copy of each variant). Both variants have been associated with

 reduced MTHFR enzyme activity, and reduced efficiency in folic acid processing. The C677T

 change decreases the affinity of MTHFR and its cofactor, which favors thermolability and 

decreasesn enzyme activity, whereas A12958C directly decreases enzyme activity. Hence,

 these variants have been associated with a variety of conditions, including various cancers, 

coronary artery disease, altered plasma lipid levels and neural tube closure defects, as well as

 thrombophilias, fertilityr Problems and complications during pregnancy.

However, despite the vital role of folate and MTHFR in its metabolism, scientific findings remain

 inconsistent and without statistically significant evidence that these polymorphisms have an

 impact on routine clinical practice. In this context, the American College of Medical Genetics

 and Genomics does not recommend the determination of the two common polymorphisms

 on a routine basis, and likewise, the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics does not 

recommend dietary interventions. This is because both variants have high frequencies in

 the general population, and there are no clinically meaningful interventions that can be

 offered to carriers, so their identification is not currently useful.

In addition to diet and other pathophysiological conditions (hypothyroidism, renal 

insufficiency

, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking or physical inactivity among 

others), the genetic

 component can affect homocysteine levels. The two widely studied common

 variants, C677T and

 A1298C, have been linked to a decrease in the activity of the MTHFR gene, which

 codes for the

 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme involved in the folate cycle, which

 could affect 

intracellular folate distribution and increase homocysteine levels moderately.

 Both variants are

 prevalent in the population as a whole, both single copy or two copies of 

either variant, and 

one copy of each of the two variants.

Number of observed variants

13.5 million variants

Number of variants analyzed 

in the study

2 variants

Bibliography

MTHFR genetic testing: Controversy and clinical implications.

 Australian Journal for General Practitioners 2016; 45(4):237-240.

Wan L et al. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and psychiatric 

diseases. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8, 242.

Leclerc D et al. Molecular Biology of Methylenetetrahydrofolate

 Reductase (MTHFR) and Overview of Mutations/Polymorphisms. 

Madame Curie Bioscience Database [May 2022].

Liu F et al. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene 

polymorphism and peripheral arterial disease: A meta-analysis. 

Vascular. 2020:1708538120982698.

Osadnik T et al. Genetic and environmental factors associated with 

homocysteine concentrations in a population of healthy young adults. 

Analysis of the MAGNETIC study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;30(6):939-947.

TELLMEGEN.COM was used to create this report for science to use on my DNA

that is above. Hope this can help others.